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HB103-09 - THE STATE vs DUMISANI SIBANDA

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Procedural Law-viz criminal review.

Precious Minerals-viz possession of gold without a licence or permit re section 3(1)(a) of the Gold Trade Act [Chapter 21:03] as amended by section 45(a) of the Finance Act No.12 of 2006.
Sentencing-viz precious minerals.
Sentencing-viz special circumstances.
Sentencing-viz special circumstances re the court's value judgment.
Precious Minerals-viz unlawful possession of precious minerals allegedly being held on behalf of a third party re testimony of such alleged third party.
Procedural Law-viz rules of evidence re subpoena iro power of the court to call a relevant witness mero motu.
Sentencing-viz mandatory sentence re peremptory provisions of the Act.
Sentencing-viz mandatory sentence re special circumstances.

Precious Minerals re: Unlawful Possession and Dealing Without a Licence

This is a review judgment.

The accused was charged with contravening section 3(1)(a) of the Gold Trade Act [Chapter 21:03] as amended by section 45(a) of the Finance Act No.12 of 2006 – Possession of Gold without a Licence or Permit.

He pleaded guilty and was convicted.

Sentencing re: Precious Minerals

He was sentenced as follows-

“Eighteen months imprisonment which is wholly suspended for five years on condition that accused does not within that period commit any offence involving possession of gold for which when convicted will be sentenced to imprisonment without the option of a fine.”

I raised a query with the learned trial magistrate regarding the sentence.

In his response, he stated that he was of the view that good character, and his own value judgment, amounted to special circumstances. In reference to the value judgment, he held the view that the fact that the accused stated that he was holding the gold for and on behalf of a relative, as he did not know whether it was copper, gold, or any other material, and, as such, he wanted to investigate the authenticity of the material on behalf of the said relative. He further stated that the “owner” of the material was not willing to come and testify.

This is the explanation from the accused which the court accepted, and concluded that it amounted to special circumstances.

It is inconceivable, in my view, to accept that an accused person who is found in possession of gold, states that it belonged to someone else, but, is not willing to call the said “owner” to come and testify.

Had the court applied its mind to the case before it, it would have found no special circumstances, thereby imposing the mandatory sentence.

I find that there is a serious misdirection in this matter as there are no special circumstances.

The following order is therefore made -

Order

(1) The conviction is confirmed, but the sentence is set aside; and

(2) The matter is referred back to the same magistrate in order for him to impose the mandatory sentence.”

Sentencing re: Approach iro Extenuating Circumstances, Assessment of Blameworthiness & Effect on Mandatory Sentences


Special circumstances are those circumstances that are out of the ordinary, either in their extent or in their nature.

Subpoena, Witness Summons or Compellable Witness, Subpoena Duces Tecum and the Claim of Privilege


The court should have, at the most, mero motu, called the said “owner” to testify.

Sentencing re: Approach iro Extenuating Circumstances, Assessment of Blameworthiness & Effect on Mandatory Sentences


It is a serious misdirection not to impose a mandatory sentence where the Act calls for one – see S v Moyo HB99-09.

Review Judgment

 

CHEDA J:     This is a review judgment.

The accused was charged with contravening section 3(1)(a) of the Gold Trade Act [Chapter 21:03] as amended by section 45(a) of the Finance Act No. 12 of  2006 Possession of Gold without a licence or permit.  He pleaded guilty, was convicted and sentenced as follows:-

“18 months imprisonment which is wholly suspended for 5 years on condition that accused does not within that period commit any offence involving possession of gold for which when convicted will be sentenced to imprisonment without the option of a fine.”

 

I raised a query with the learned trial magistrate regarding the sentence.  In his response he stated that he was of the view that good character and his own value judgment amounted to special circumstances.  In reference to the value judgment he held the view that the fact that the accused stated that he was holding the gold for and on behalf of a relative as he did not know whether it was copper, gold or any other material and as such he wanted to investigate the authencity of the material on behalf of the said relative.  He further stated that the “owner” of the material was not willing to come and testify.

This is the explanation from the accused which the court accepted and concluded that it amounted to special circumstances.

Special circumstances are those circumstances that are out of the ordinary, either in their extent or their nature.  It is inconceivable in my view, to accept that an accused person who is found in possession of gold states that it belonged to someone else, but, is not willing to call the said “owner” to come and testify.  The court should have at the most mero motu called the said “owner” to testify.  Had the court applied its mind to the case before it, it would have found no special circumstances thereby imposing the mandatory sentence.

It is a serious misdirection not to impose a mandatory sentence where the act calls for one, see S v Moyo HB 99/09

I find that there is a serious misdirection in this matter as there are no special circumstances. 

The following order is therefore made:-

“Order

(1)               The conviction is confirmed, but, the sentence is set aside, and

(2)               the matter is referred back to the same magistrate in order for him to impose the mandatory sentence.”

 

 

 

Cheda J…………………….…………………

 

 

Kamocha J ……………………………….…agrees
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